檢查種類

造成胎兒的平均劑量(mGy)

造成胎兒的最大劑量(mGy)

頭部電腦斷層

<0.005

<0.005

胸部X光

<0.01

<0.01

胸椎X光

<0.01

<0.01

顱骨X光

<0.01

<0.01

胸部電腦斷層

0.06

1

骨盆X光

1.1

4

上腸胃道攝影

1.1

5.8

腹部X光

1.4

4.2

腰椎X光

1.7

10

靜脈注射泌尿道攝影

1.7

10

下腸胃道攝影

6.8

24

腹部電腦斷層

8

49

骨盆電腦斷層

25

80

A類:臨床資料顯示對孕婦沒有危險(Controlled studies show no risk)

B類:沒有證據顯示對孕婦有危險(No evidence of risk in human)

C類:危險的可能性無法排除(Risk can't be ruled out)

D類:危險的存在是有證據(Positive evidence of risk)

X類:孕婦不可使用(Contraindication in pregnancy)

項目

分類

畸形

a.抗凝血劑(Anticoagulants)

Warfarin(Coumadin)

D/X

Stippled epiphysis optic atrophy

b.抗抽搐劑(Anticonvulsant)

Phenobarbital(Luminal)

D

Phenyltoin(Dilantin)

D

Valproic acid

D

c.抗生素(Antibiotic)

Amikacin

C/D

Tobramycin

C/D

Kanamycin

D

第8對腦神經毒

Steptomycin

D

Tetracycline

D

Discolored teeth

d.精神病及躁鬱症(Antipsychotic & antimanic)

Lithium

D

Ebstien anomaly

e.抗憂鬱及焦慮劑(Anxiolytic & antidepressant)

Barbiturate

D

Benzodiazepam

D

Amitriptyline

D

Imipramine

D

Nortriptyline

D

Lithium

D

Valproic Acid

D

f.心血管用藥(Cardiovascular drugs)

Hydrochlorothiazide

D

Spironolactone

D

Norepinephrine

D

g.其他(Other agents)及疫苗(Vaccines)

Clomiphene

X

Cocaine

X

Cortisone

D

Ergotamine

D

Ethanol

D/X

Hydroxyprogesterone

D

Iodine            

D

Leuprolide acetate  

X

Methimazole

D

Mifepristone

X

Misoprostol

X

Penicillamine

D

Phenyltoin

D

Propylthiouracil

D

Tamoxifen

D

Measles

X

Mumps

X

Rubella

X

Smallpox

X

胎兒畸形物質

先天畸形

Alcohol>60 cc/天

Fetal alcohol syndrome、
Short palpebral fissures

Aminopterine

Anencephaly cleft lip and palate

Androgen

Masculization of female

Diethylstibestrol (DES)

Genitalia malformation of the uterus、Vagina cancer
(Clear cell adenocarcinoma)

Etretinate

Facial dysmorphia

Isotretinoin

Small ear(Microtia)、Heart defects

Methotrexate

Spinal bifida、Anencephaly

Thalidomide

Limb hypoplasia、
Heart malformation

Vit-A (>10000 IU/天)

CNS and cardiovascular anomalies

Warfarin

Nasal hypoplasia、
Bone stippling、
Mental retardation           表三